The process of removing the overlying rocks and materials covering the coal seam to expose the coal for extraction is known as open-pit mining. The process of removing the overlying soil and rock is called stripping, while the process of extracting the coal is referred to as coal mining. Open-pit mining typically divides the mining area into several horizontal layers, and the coal is sequentially extracted from top to bottom, creating a stepped spatial pattern.
Key production steps:
The first step involves drilling and blasting to loosen and break up the rock and coal. Then, mining equipment is used to extract the coal from the entire area and load it onto transportation equipment for transport to designated locations. The overburden material from the transportation equipment is placed in disposal areas according to a specific plan. The coal is unloaded at a coal washing plant or other unloading points.
Main advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages:
- Production space is not restricted, allowing for the use of large-scale machinery.
- Large-scale mining operations are possible, leading to high labor efficiency and low production costs.
- Fast construction speed.
- Resource recovery rates can exceed 90%, ensuring efficient utilization of resources.
- Good working conditions and higher safety standards compared to underground coal mining, resulting in a significantly lower fatality rate (approximately 1/30th of underground mining).
Disadvantages:
- Requires a large land area, leading to land occupation.
- Can cause certain environmental pollution.
- Production processes are subject to constraints based on terrain and climate conditions.
- Storage conditions for coal are more stringent, making open-pit mining more suitable for shallow burial and thick coal seams.
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